The availability of whole genome sequences was expected to supply essentially unlimited
data for phylogenetics. However, strict reliance on single-copy genes for this purpose has …

Skates are cartilaginous fish whose body plan features enlarged wing-like pectoral fins,
enabling them to thrive in benthic environments,. However, the molecular underpinnings of …

As the only surviving lineages of jawless fishes, hagfishes and lampreys provide a crucial
window into early vertebrate evolution,–. Here we investigate the complex history, timing …

Monoamines like serotonin, dopamine, and adrenaline/noradrenaline (epinephrine/
norepinephrine) act as neuromodulators in the nervous system. They play a role in complex …

In the last decade, we witnessed the ascent of reconciliations as an important tool to model
and study the evolution of gene families. Reconciliations model discordance between gene …

Nutritional deprivation triggers a switch from a saprotrophic to predatory lifestyle in soil-
dwelling nematode-trap** fungi (NTF). In particular, the NTF Arthrobotrys oligospora …

Sea urchins are emblematic models in developmental biology and display several
characteristics that set them apart from other deuterostomes. To uncover the genomic cues …

Several protein families participate in the biogenesis and function of small RNAs (sRNAs) in
plants. Those with primary roles include Dicer-like (DCL), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase …

On macroevolutionary timescales, extensive mutations and phylogenetic uncertainty mask
the signals of genotype–phenotype associations underlying convergent evolution. To …

The current “consensus” order in which amino acids were added to the genetic code is
based on potentially biased criteria, such as the absence of sulfur-containing amino acids …