Complex multicellular life in mammals relies on functional cooperation of different organs for
the survival of the whole organism. The kidneys play a critical part in this process through …

Healthy kidneys maintain fluid and electrolyte homoeostasis by adjusting urine volume and
composition according to physiological needs. The final urine composition is determined in …

The mechanisms underlying kidney development in mice and humans is an area of intense
study. Insights into kidney organogenesis have the potential to guide our understanding of …

Per gram of tissue, the kidneys are among our most highly perfused organs. Yet the renal
cortex and, in particular, the renal medulla are susceptible to hypoxia. In turn, hypoxia is a …

Anatomically, the kidneys are paired, bean-shaped (in most mammals), excretory organs
that lie in the retroperitoneum. High blood flow to the kidneys, together with high oxygen …

A kidney organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregate grown from stem cells in
vitro that undergoes self-organization, recapitulating aspects of normal renal development to …

Nephrons are the functional units which comprise the kidney. Each nephron contains a
number of physiologically unique populations of specialized epithelial cells that are …

Like the first edition, this new edition emphasizes the comparative approach to
understanding vertebrate renal function. I remain convinced that this approach is of …

Renal tubulopathies provide insights into the inner workings of the kidney, yet also pose
therapeutic challenges. Because of the central nature of sodium in tubular transport …

Kidney tubules are responsible for the preservation of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base
homeostasis via passive and active mechanisms. These physiological processes can be …