DNA vaccines were introduced less than a decade ago but have already been applied to a
wide range of infectious and malignant diseases. Here we review the current understanding …

The efficient delivery of therapeutic genes and appropriate gene expression are the crucial
issues for clinically relevant gene therapy. Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles which …

A replicon vaccine vector system was developed from an attenuated strain of Venezuelan
equine encephalitis virus (VEE). The replicon RNA consists of thecis-acting 5′ and 3 …

This book grew out of a scientific review, originally published in Microbiological Reviews. It
has been updated and expanded-now citing more than 2100 references (100 pages of the …

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory disease causing high
rates of hospitalizations in infants, significant morbidity in children and adults, and excess …

Noroviruses are the most common cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, and
explosive outbreaks frequently occur in community settings, where the virus can immobilize …

Cellular immune responses, particularly those associated with CD3+ CD8+ cytotoxic T
lymphocytes (CTL), play a primary role in controlling viral infection, including persistent …

Most pathogens initiate their infections at the human mucosal surface. Therefore, mucosal
vaccination, especially through oral or intranasal administration routes, is highly desired for …

Nucleic acid vaccines consisting of plasmid DNA, viral vectors or RNA may change the way
the next generation vaccines are produced, as they have the potential to combine the …

Marburg virus (MBGV), for which no vaccines or treatments currently exist, causes an acute
hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate in humans. We previously showed that …