Abstract The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good
description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a …

A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

Horizon-scale images of black holes (BHs) and their shadows have opened an
unprecedented window onto tests of gravity and fundamental physics in the strong-field …

We review applications of string theory to cosmology, from primordial times to the present-
day accelerated expansion. Starting with a brief overview of cosmology and string …

This paper presents cosmological results based on full-mission Planck observations of
temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) …

We report measurements of the mass density, Ω $\mathstrut {_ {M}} $, and cosmological-
constant energy density, Ω $\mathstrut {_ {{\Lambda}}} $, of the universe based on the …

ABSTRACT The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 5-year data provide
stringent limits on deviations from the minimal, six-parameter Λ cold dark matter model. We …

We present spectral and photometric observations of 10 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the
redshift range 0.16≤ z≤ 0.62. The luminosity distances of these objects are determined by …

ABSTRACT WMAP precision data enable accurate testing of cosmological models. We find
that the emerging standard model of cosmology, a flat Λ-dominated universe seeded by a …

Over the past decade, f (R) theories have been extensively studied as one of the simplest
modifications to General Relativity. In this article we review various applications of f (R) …