Synthetic membranes with pores at the subnanometre scale are at the core of processes for
separating solutes from water, such as water purification and desalination. While these …

Synthetic membranes featuring confined nanostructures have emerged as a prominent
category of leading materials that can selectively separate target ions from complex water …

Lithium mining is energy intensive and environmentally costly. This is because lithium ions
are typically present in brines as a minor component mixed with physiochemically similar …

State-of-the-art desalination membranes exhibit high water-salt selectivity, but their ability to
discriminate between ions is limited. Elucidating the fundamental mechanisms underlying …

Not all nanopores are created equal. By definition, nanopores have characteristic diameters
or conduit widths between∼ 1 and 100 nm. However, the narrowest of such pores, perhaps …

Capacitive deionization (CDI), which is based on the electrosorption of ions by porous
electrodes, is an emerging technology for brackish water desalination. Understanding the …

We fabricated polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) nanofiltration (NF) membranes using a layer-
by-layer (LbL) method for effective removal of scale-forming divalent cations (Mg 2+, Ca 2+ …

The main objective of this study is to examine how the charge densities of four monovalent
anions—fluoride (F–), chloride (Cl–), bromide (Br–), and nitrate (NO3–)—influence their …

We explored the mechanisms governing the selectivity of anion-and cation-exchange
membranes for the transport of four monovalent anions (ie, fluoride, chloride, bromide, and …

Ion-selective removal is an important frontier in water purification technologies. For many
emerging applications, removing all ions indiscriminately can lead to excessive energy …