Introduction: Efavirenz commonly causes early neuropsychiatric side effects, but tolerance
develops in most patients. There is emerging evidence that efavirenz use may damage …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a transactivator of transcription (Tat)
protein, which has several functions that promote viral replication, pathogenesis, and …

Screening for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is important to improve
clinical outcomes. We compared the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the mini-mental …

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are the result of the activity of HIV-1 within
the central nervous system (CNS). While the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has …

Immune activation, which is accompanied by the production of proinflammatory cytokines, is
a strong predictor of disease progression in HIV infection. Inflammation is critical in neuronal …

The transactivator of transcription (Tat) is a key HIV regulatory protein. We aimed to identify
the frequency of key polymorphisms in HIV-1C compared with HIV-1B Tat protein, chiefly in …

Neuroimaging abnormalities are common in chronically infected HIV-positive individuals.
The majority of studies have focused on structural or functional brain outcomes in samples …

Background There are limited data on the pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics of the
CNS penetration of efavirenz. Objectives We investigated genetic polymorphisms …

A defective chemokine motif in the HIV-1 Tat protein has been hypothesized to alter central
nervous system cellular trafficking and inflammation, rendering HIV-1 subtype C less …

Background Long term infection with HIV-1, even in the context of therapy, leads to chronic
health problems including an array of neurocognitive dysfunctions. The viral Tat protein has …