Once damaged, articular cartilage has a limited potential to repair. Clinically, a repair tissue
is formed, yet, it is often mechanically inferior fibrocartilage. The use of monolayer expanded …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the main cell players in tissue repair and thanks to their
self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capabilities, they gained significant attention …

Articular cartilage is susceptible to damage, but its self‐repair is hindered by its avascular
nature. Traditional treatment methods are not able to achieve satisfactory repair effects, and …

Background The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome, via the combined actions of its
plethora of biologically active factors, is capable of orchestrating the regenerative responses …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic
inflammation of synovium (synovitis), with inflammatory/immune cells and resident fibroblast …

Pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been shown to promote in vitro and in vivo
myogeneses via mitohormetic survival adaptations of which secretome activation is a key …

The US FDA has approved pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) as a safe and effective
treatment for nonunions of bone. Despite its clinical use, the mechanisms of action of …

There is increasing evidence that chondrocytes within articular cartilage are affected by
endogenous force-related electrical potentials. Furthermore, electrical stimulation (ES) …

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease of multiple joints with a
rising prevalence. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy may provide a cost-effective …

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are becoming increasingly popular in tissue
engineering. They are the most frequently used stem cell source for clinical applications due …