Biology and evolution of bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems
Toxin–antitoxin systems are widespread in bacterial genomes. They are usually composed
of two elements: a toxin that inhibits an essential cellular process and an antitoxin that …
of two elements: a toxin that inhibits an essential cellular process and an antitoxin that …
Toxin-antitoxin systems as phage defense elements
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous genetic elements in bacteria that consist of a
growth-inhibiting toxin and its cognate antitoxin. These systems are prevalent in bacterial …
growth-inhibiting toxin and its cognate antitoxin. These systems are prevalent in bacterial …
Bacterial persisters: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic development
H Niu, J Gu, Y Zhang - Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2024 - nature.com
Persisters refer to genetically drug susceptible quiescent (non-growing or slow growing)
bacteria that survive in stress environments such as antibiotic exposure, acidic and …
bacteria that survive in stress environments such as antibiotic exposure, acidic and …
Type II toxin-antitoxin systems: evolution and revolutions
Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements composed of a toxic protein
and its cognate antitoxin protein, the latter counteracting the toxicity of the former. While TA …
and its cognate antitoxin protein, the latter counteracting the toxicity of the former. While TA …
Ciprofloxacin Causes Persister Formation by Inducing the TisB toxin in Escherichia coli
Bacteria induce stress responses that protect the cell from lethal factors such as DNA-
damaging agents. Bacterial populations also form persisters, dormant cells that are highly …
damaging agents. Bacterial populations also form persisters, dormant cells that are highly …
A primary physiological role of toxin/antitoxin systems is phage inhibition
Toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems are present in most prokaryote genomes. Toxins are almost
exclusively proteins that reduce metabolism (but do not cause cell death), and antitoxins are …
exclusively proteins that reduce metabolism (but do not cause cell death), and antitoxins are …
RETRACTED: Bacterial persistence by RNA endonucleases
E Maisonneuve, LJ Shakespeare… - Proceedings of the …, 2011 - pnas.org
Bacteria form persisters, individual cells that are highly tolerant to different types of
antibiotics. Persister cells are genetically identical to nontolerant kin but have entered a …
antibiotics. Persister cells are genetically identical to nontolerant kin but have entered a …
Toxin-antitoxin systems influence biofilm and persister cell formation and the general stress response
X Wang, TK Wood - Applied and environmental microbiology, 2011 - Am Soc Microbiol
In many genomes, toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems have been identified; however, their role in
cell physiology has been unclear. Here we examine the evidence that TA systems are …
cell physiology has been unclear. Here we examine the evidence that TA systems are …
Bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems: more than selfish entities?
L Van Melderen, M Saavedra De Bast - PLoS genetics, 2009 - journals.plos.org
Bacterial toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are diverse and widespread in the prokaryotic
kingdom. They are composed of closely linked genes encoding a stable toxin that can harm …
kingdom. They are composed of closely linked genes encoding a stable toxin that can harm …
Toxin–antitoxin systems: biology, identification, and application
SJ Unterholzner, B Poppenberger… - Mobile genetic …, 2013 - Taylor & Francis
Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements composed of a toxin gene and its
cognate antitoxin. The toxins of all known TA systems are proteins while the antitoxins are …
cognate antitoxin. The toxins of all known TA systems are proteins while the antitoxins are …