Immunotherapy is regarded as the most promising treatment for cancers. Various cancer
immunotherapies, including adoptive cellular immunotherapy, tumor vaccines, antibodies …

Current paradigms of cancer-centric therapeutics are usually not sufficient to eradicate the
malignancy, as the cancer stroma may prompt tumour relapse and therapeutic resistance …

Breast cancers are complex cellular ecosystems where heterotypic interactions play central
roles in disease progression and response to therapy. However, our knowledge of their …

The tumour microenvironment is the primary location in which tumour cells and the host
immune system interact. Different immune cell subsets are recruited into the tumour …

Cancer development is highly associated to the physiological state of the tumor
microenvironment (TME). Despite the existing heterogeneity of tumors from the same or from …

In many solid tumor types, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important
components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, TAMs infiltration is strongly …

Macrophages, the most plastic cells of the haematopoietic system, are found in all tissues
and show great functional diversity. They have roles in development, homeostasis, tissue …

The chemokines (or chemotactic cytokines) are a large family of small, secreted proteins that
signal through cell surface G protein‐coupled heptahelical chemokine receptors. They are …

Diversity and plasticity are hallmarks of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. In
response to IFNs, Toll-like receptor engagement, or IL-4/IL-13 signaling, macrophages …

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Metastasis is the
leading cause of high mortality in most cancers. Although predicting the early stage of breast …