Females frequently mate with several males, whose sperm then compete to fertilize
available ova. Sperm competition represents a potent selective force that is expected to …

Studies of chromosome and genome biology often focus on condensed chromatin in the
form of chromosomes and neglect the non-dividing cells. Even when interphase nuclei are …

Sperm experience intense and varied selection that dramatically impacts the evolution of
sperm quality. Selection acts to ensure that sperm are fertilization-competent and able to …

Heatwaves are occurring at an increasing frequency and intensity under ongoing climate
change. As many reproductive traits—including mating behaviour and gamete traits—are …

Background The influence of sperm competition upon sperm size has been a controversial
issue during the last 20 years which remains unresolved for mammals. The hypothesis that …

Sperm morphological variation has attracted considerable interest and generated a wealth
of predominantly descriptive studies over the past three centuries. Yet, apart from …

Micromotors are devices that operate at the microscale and convert energy to motion. Many
micromotors are microswimmers, ie, devices that can move freely in a liquid at a low …

The spermatozoon is a highly differentiated and polarized cell, with two main structures: the
head, containing a haploid nucleus and the acrosomal exocytotic granule, and the flagellum …

Sperm velocity is one of the main determinants of the outcome of sperm competition. Since
sperm vary considerably in their morphology between and within species, it seems likely that …

After natural or artificial insemination, the spermatozoon starts a journey from the site of
deposition to the place of fertilization. However, only a small subset of the spermatozoa …