Metabolism, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and other
metabolic pathways, impacts the phenotypes and functions of immune cells. The metabolic …

The growing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has encouraged research
efforts, which have contributed to gradual improvements in our understanding of IBD …

Obesity, defined by excessive body fat, is a highly complex condition affecting numerous
physiological processes, such as metabolism, proliferation, and cellular homeostasis. These …

As one of the most successful human pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has
evolved a diverse array of determinants to subvert host immunity and alter host metabolic …

Immune metabolism is a result of many specific metabolic reactions, such as glycolysis, the
tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), mitochondrial …

Abstract The expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), a robust
immunosuppressant, is significantly induced in macaque tuberculosis (TB) granulomas …

The fungal disease chytridiomycosis (causative agent Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd])
is a primary contributor to amphibian species declines. The morphological and physiological …

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world's most deadly chronic infectious diseases;
early diagnosis contributes to reducing disease transmission among populations. However …

Abstract Changes in isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) lead to the production of the cancer-
causing metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate, making them a cause of cancer. However, the …

Metabolic reprogramming contributes to the progression and prognosis of various kidney
diseases. Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body and participates in …