Understanding the in vivo transport of nanoparticles provides guidelines for designing
nanomedicines with higher efficacy and fewer side effects. Among many factors, the size of …

Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Ninety percent of clinical drug development fails despite implementation of many successful
strategies, which raised the question whether certain aspects in target validation and drug …

The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treating modalities of cancer. Cancer
vaccine, aiming to harness the host immune system to induce a tumor‐specific killing effect …

Meningeal lymphatic vessels have been described in animal studies, but limited comparable
data is available in human studies. Here we show dural lymphatic structures along the dural …

Oral administration is the preferred route of drug delivery in clinical practice due to its
noninvasiveness, safety, convenience, and high patient compliance. The gastrointestinal …

The lymphatic system has garnered significant attention in drug delivery research due to the
advantages it offers, such as enhancing systemic exposure and enabling lymph node …

Strategies of improving vaccine targeting ability toward lymph nodes have been attracting
considerable interest in recent years, though there are remaining delivery barriers based on …

Since the inception of the concept of “magic bullet”, nanoparticles have evolved to be one of
the most effective carriers in drug delivery. Nanoparticles improve the therapeutic efficacy of …

Immunomodulators that remodel the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment have
been combined with anti–programmed death 1 (α-PD1) or anti–programmed death ligand 1 …