Several environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic factors, adversely affect the
growth and development of crops, thereby lowering their yield. However, abiotic factors, eg …

The global agricultural system has been badly affected by adverse environmental changes
in the past few years. These changes, including the rise of abiotic and biotic stressors …

The impact of heavy metal presence in soil on cereal crops is a growing concern, posing
significant challenges to global food security and environmental sustainability. Cereal crops …

Abiotic stresses could have complex and diverse effects on the growth and development of
forest trees. In this review, we summarized the responses of morphological, physiological …

Plant basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are involved in many physiological
processes, and they play important roles in the abiotic stress responses. The literature …

High levels of cadmium (Cd) in soil can cause crop yield reduction or death. Cadmium
accumulation in crops affects human and animal health as it passes through the food chain …

The ability of silicon to increase plant resistance to abiotic stress is well recognised, but less
well known is the ability of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) to diminish abiotic stress. In this …

Wheat is an important staple crop not only in Pakistan but all over the globe. Although the
area dedicated to wheat cultivation expands annually, the quantity of wheat harvested is …

Unlike animals that can escape threats, plants must endure and adapt to biotic and abiotic
stresses in their surroundings. One such condition, cold stress, impairs the normal growth …

In conventional agricultural practices, pesticides are applied to protect crops from harmful
insect pests; however, pervasive usage in high-yield crop systems poses a significant risk to …