Ultracold neutral plasmas formed by photoionizing laser-cooled atoms near the ionization
threshold have electron temperatures in the 1–1000K range and ion temperatures from tens …

The control of internal and motional quantum degrees of freedom of laser-cooled trapped
ions has been subject to intense theoretical and experimental research for about three …

Strong correlations—cooperative behavior due to many-particle interactions—are
omnipresent in nature. They occur in electrolytic solutions, dense plasmas, ultracold ions …

A chain of singly charged particles, confined by a harmonic potential, exhibits a sudden
transition to a zigzag configuration when the radial potential reaches a critical value …

Optical atomic clocks are the most accurate and precise measurement devices of any kind,
enabling advances in international timekee**, Earth science, fundamental physics, and …

Storage and cooling of highly charged ions require ultra-high vacuum levels obtainable by
means of cryogenic methods. We have developed a linear Paul trap operating at 4 K …

Structural defects in ion crystals can be formed during a linear quench of the transverse
trap** frequency across the mechanical instability from a linear chain to a zigzag structure …

Three-dimensional long-range ordered structures in smaller and near-spherically symmetric
Coulomb crystals of Ca+ 40 ions confined in a linear rf Paul trap have been observed when …

We examine the time-dependent dynamics of ion crystals in radiofrequency traps. The
problem of stable trap** of general three-dimensional crystals is considered and the …

Phase transitions have been a research focus in many-body physics over past decades.
Cold ions, under strong Coulomb repulsion, provide a repealing paradigm of exploring …