Mountains contribute disproportionately to the terrestrial biodiversity of Earth, especially in
the tropics, where they host hotspots of extraordinary and puzzling richness. With about 25 …

Mountain regions are unusually biodiverse, with rich aggregations of small-ranged species
that form centers of endemism. Mountains play an array of roles for Earth's biodiversity and …

Mountains are key features of the Earth's surface and host a substantial proportion of the
world's species. However, the links between the evolution and distribution of biodiversity …

INTRODUCTION Individual processes that shape geographical patterns of biodiversity are
increasingly understood, but their complex interactions on broad spatial and temporal scales …

Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems.
Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution and diversification …

Environmental heterogeneity is regarded as one of the most important factors governing
species richness gradients. An increase in available niche space, provision of refuges and …

Drainage divides separate Earth's surface into individual river basins. Divide migration
impacts the evolution of landforms, regional climate, ecosystems and biodiversity. In this …

Understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of biota in the tropical Andes is a major
challenge, given the region's topographic complexity and high beta diversity. We used a …

Biodiversity is unevenly distributed on Earth and hotspots of biodiversity are often
associated with areas that have undergone orogenic activity during recent geological history …

Aim Higher‐elevation areas on islands and continental mountains tend to be separated by
longer distances, predicting higher endemism at higher elevations; our study is the first to …