Emergence of a reassortant 2.3. 4.4 b highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus containing H9N2 PA gene in Burkina Faso, West Africa, in 2021

LB Ouoba, L Habibata-Zerbo, B Zecchin, G Barbierato… - Viruses, 2022 - mdpi.com
Since 2006, the poultry population in Burkina Faso has been seriously hit by different waves
of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 epizootics. In December 2021, three …

Emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza a virus (H5N1) of clade 2.3. 4.4 b in Egypt, 2021–2022

Z Mosaad, MH Elhusseiny, A Zanaty, MM Fathy… - Pathogens, 2023 - mdpi.com
Wild migratory birds have the capability to spread avian influenza virus (AIV) over long
distances as well as transmit the virus to domestic birds. In this study, swab and tissue …

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Analysis of Avian Influenza A (H5) Viruses Circulating in Egypt, 2019–2021

NM Hagag, N Yehia, MH El-Husseiny, A Adel… - Viruses, 2022 - mdpi.com
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus was first detected in Egypt in late
2016. Since then, the virus has spread rapidly among different poultry sectors, becoming the …

Genoty** and reassortment analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N8 and H5N2 from Egypt reveals successive annual replacement of genotypes

KE Hassan, N Saad, HH Abozeid, S Shany… - Infection, Genetics and …, 2020 - Elsevier
Abstract Highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1, clade 2.2. 1, and low pathogenic avian influenza
(LPAI) H9N2 viruses, G1-B lineage, are endemic in poultry in Egypt and have co-circulated …

Experimental infection of Clades 2.2. 1.2 (H5N1) and 2.3. 4.4 b (H5N8) of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in commercial broilers

HA Sultan, S Talaat, SAM Amer, L Tantawy… - … and infectious diseases, 2024 - Elsevier
In this study the pathogenicity, infectivity, and transmissibility of H5N1 highly pathogenic
avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.2. 1.2 and H5N8 HPAI clade 2.3. 4.4 b viruses were …

Epidemiology, genetic characterization, and pathogenesis of avian influenza H5N8 viruses circulating in Northern and Southern Parts of Egypt, 2017–2019

M Tarek, MM Naguib, AS Arafa, LA Tantawy, KM Selim… - Animals, 2021 - mdpi.com
Simple Summary During 2020–2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of
subtype H5N8 were spreading rapidly, and two genetically distinct lineages were detected …

Genetic and antigenic characteristics of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8) viruses circulating in domestic poultry in Egypt, 2017–2021

A Kandeil, Y Moatasim, A El Taweel, M El Sayes… - Microorganisms, 2022 - mdpi.com
In Egypt, the endemicity of avian influenza viruses is a serious concern. Since 2016, several
outbreaks of H5N8 have been recorded among domestic poultry in various areas of the …

First detection of highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza virus on the African continent

I Shittu, A Bianco, D Gado, N Mkpuma… - Emerging Microbes & …, 2020 - Taylor & Francis
Since 2013, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N6 (clade 2.3. 4.4) has
been reported in wild birds and poultry in Asia as well as in other parts of the globe. In Africa …

Avian influenza overview November 2019–February2020

European Food Safety Authority… - Efsa …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
Between 16 November 2019 and 15 February 2020, 36 highly pathogenic avian influenza
(HPAI) A (H5N8) virus outbreakswere reported in Europe in poultry (n= 34), captive birds (n …