Aging is a gradual and irreversible pathophysiological process. It presents with declines in
tissue and cell functions and significant increases in the risks of various aging-related …

The study of the intestinal or gut microbiome is a newer field that is rapidly gaining attention.
Bidirectional communication between gut microbes and the host can impact numerous …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a main hepatic manifestation of metabolic
syndrome. It represents a wide spectrum of histopathological abnormalities ranging from …

Cancer cells often encounter hypoxic and hypo-nutrient conditions, which force them to
make adaptive changes to meet their high demands for energy and various biomaterials for …

Among deregulated microRNAs (miRs) in human malignancies, miR-221 has been widely
investigated for its oncogenic role and as a promising biomarker. Moreover, recent evidence …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic syndrome. Imbalances
between liver lipid output and input are the direct causes of NAFLD, and hepatic steatosis is …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is easily observed in chronic liver disease, which often
causes accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER, leading to unfolded …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major site of protein folding and calcium storage. Beside
the role of ER in protein homeostasis, it controls the cholesterol production and lipid …

Epigenetic modifications, including methylation or acetylation as well as post‐transcriptional
modifications, are mechanisms used by eukaryotic cells to increase the genome diversity in …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and is
associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a high incidence in …