This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse
class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in …

The Drosophila brain contains a relatively simple circuit for forming Pavlovian associations,
yet it achieves many operations common across memory systems. Recent advances have …

Brains contain networks of interconnected neurons and so knowing the network architecture
is essential for understanding brain function. We therefore mapped the synaptic-resolution …

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize
new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly …

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a key model organism in
neuroscience, in large part due to the concentration of collaboratively generated molecular …

Drosophila melanogaster has a rich repertoire of innate and learned behaviors. Its 100,000-
neuron brain is a large but tractable target for comprehensive neural circuit map**. Only …

Making inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-
level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body …

Flexible behaviors over long timescales are thought to engage recurrent neural networks in
deep brain regions, which are experimentally challenging to study. In insects, recurrent …

Associating stimuli with positive or negative reinforcement is essential for survival, but a
complete wiring diagram of a higher-order circuit supporting associative memory has not …

Brains comprise complex networks of neurons and connections, similar to the nodes and
edges of artificial networks. Network analysis applied to the wiring diagrams of brains can …