Many psychiatric disorders, despite their specific characteristics, share deficits in the
cognitive domain including executive functions, emotional control and memory. However …

In the brain, neuronal gene expression is dynamically changed in response to neuronal
activity. In particular, the expression of immediate-early genes (IEGs) such as egr-1, c-fos …

Sex differences are reported in hippocampal plasticity, cognition, and in a number of
disorders that target the integrity of the hippocampus. For example, meta-analyses reveal …

Memories are believed to be encoded by sparse ensembles of neurons in the brain.
However, it remains unclear whether there is functional heterogeneity within individual …

The activity-regulated cytoskeletal (Arc) gene encodes a protein that is critical for memory
consolidation. Arc is one of the most tightly regulated molecules known: neuronal activity …

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and
maintenance of memories is a central goal of the neuroscience community. It is well …

Background Episodic memories are encoded within hippocampal and neocortical circuits.
Retrieving these memories is assumed to involve reactivation of neural ensembles that were …

Even in healthy individuals there is an inexorable agerelated decline in cognitive function.
This is due, in large part, to reduced synaptic plasticity caused by changes in the molecular …

The rapid encoding of contextual memory requires the CA3 region of the hippocampus, but
the necessary genetic pathways remain unclear. We found that the activity-dependent …

Learning triggers alterations in gene transcription in brain regions such as the hippocampus
and the entorhinal cortex (EC) that are necessary for long-term memory (LTM) formation …