In ecosystems, sharks can be predators, competitors, facilitators, nutrient transporters, and
food. However, overfishing and other threats have greatly reduced shark populations …

Advancements in space-based ocean observation and computational data processing
techniques have demonstrated transformative value for managing living resources …

Complex-valued neural networks process both amplitude and phase information, in contrast
to conventional artificial neural networks, achieving additive capabilities in recognizing …

The expansion of marine protected areas (MPAs) is a core focus of global conservation
efforts, with the “30x30” initiative to protect 30% of the ocean by 2030 serving as a prominent …

Land use and land cover change (LUCC) can alter surface properties, such as albedo,
roughness, and vegetation coverage, directly affecting dust emissions and aerosol …

Given the vastness and interconnectedness of the ocean, marine conservation requires
international treaties, especially after the High Seas Treaty was signed. However, most …

Macroplastic pollution is a pervasive global environmental challenge, adversely affecting
marine ecosystems, wildlife and human health. Understanding temporal variations is crucial …

After the near-complete cessation of commercial whaling, ship collisions have emerged as a
primary threat to large whales, but knowledge of collision risk is lacking across most of the …

Conserving oceanic apex predators, such as sharks, is of utmost importance. However,
scant abundance and distribution data often challenge understanding the population status …

Artificial intelligence, or AI, has the potential to dramatically improve our understanding and
management of the ocean. For fisheries, these benefits could include greater monitoring …