Balanced immunity is pivotal for health and homeostasis. CD4+ helper T (Th) cells are
central to the balance between immune tolerance and immune rejection. Th cells adopt …

Type 2 immune responses are defined by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9 and IL-
13, which can either be host protective or have pathogenic activity. Type 2 immunity …

Helminth parasites infect almost one-third of the world's population, primarily in tropical
regions. However, regions where helminth parasites are endemic record much lower …

The vertebrate immune system has evolved in concert with a broad range of infectious
agents, including ubiquitous helminth (worm) parasites. The constant pressure of helminth …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) remain
among the most common disorders in people infected with HIV, even in an era when potent …

Helminth parasites infect an alarmingly large proportion of the world's population, primarily
within tropical regions, and their ability to down‐modulate host immunity is key to their …

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) characterized by expression of the transcription factor Foxp3
play a key role in immune homeostasis. Rather than a monomorphic population strictly …

Parasitic helminth infection remains a global health problem, whilst the ability of worms to
manipulate and dampen the host immune system is attracting interest in the fields of allergy …

Helminths are multicellular eukaryotic parasites that infect over one quarter of the world's
population. Through coevolution with the human immune system, these organisms have …

The immune responses to filarial parasites encompass a complex network of innate and
adaptive cells whose interaction with the parasite underlies a spectrum of clinical …