Smart nanoparticles, which can respond to biological cues or be guided by them, are
emerging as a promising drug delivery platform for precise cancer treatment. The field of …

The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and
necessitated the creation of more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric …

In recent years, the development of nanoparticles has expanded into a broad range of
clinical applications. Nanoparticles have been developed to overcome the limitations of free …

The rapid development of nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology has allowed the
emergence of various therapeutic modalities with excellent therapeutic efficiency and …

Resistance to cancer therapies has been a commonly observed phenomenon in clinical
practice, which is one of the major causes of treatment failure and poor patient survival. The …

In situ cancer vaccination refers to any approach that exploits tumour antigens available at a
tumour site to induce tumour-specific adaptive immune responses. These approaches hold …

Alteration in the density and composition of extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs in tumors. The
alterations toward both stiffness and degradation are contributed to tumor growth and …

Free radicals, usually containing one or more unpaired electrons, are extremely unstable
and highly reactive with other biological molecules. Recently, there has been increasing …

The ferroptosis effect has been illuminated with a clear Fenton reaction mechanism that
converts endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly oxidative hydroxyl radicals …

Heparin is a negatively charged polysaccharide with various chain lengths and a hydrophilic
backbone. Due to its fascinating chemical and physical properties, nontoxicity …