Climate-change-related risks pose serious threats to the management of a wide range of
social, economic and ecological systems. Managing these risks requires knowledge …

Climate services involve the generation, provision, and contextualization of information and
knowledge derived from climate research for decision making at all levels of society. These …

In the past several decades, decision makers in the United States have increasingly called
upon publicly funded science to provide “usable” information for policy making, whether in …

Despite the rapid evolution and growing complexity in models of science-society interaction,
the rate and breadth of use of scientific knowledge in environmental decision making …

Adaptation has emerged as an important area of research and assessment among climate
change scientists. Most scholarly work has identified resource constraints as being the most …

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle of alternating warm El Niño and cold La
Niña events is the dominant year-to-year climate signal on Earth. ENSO originates in the …

There is increasing concern over the consequences of global warming for the food security
and livelihoods of the world's 36 million fisherfolk and the nearly 1.5 billion consumers who …

This article provides a comparative institutional analysis between El Niño/Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) forecasting systems in the Pacific and southern Africa with a focus on …

Today the world is facing a greater water crisis than ever. Droughts of lesser magnitude are
resulting in greater impact. Even in years with normal precipitation, water shortages have …

This review paper presents an assessment of the current state of knowledge and capability
in seasonal climate prediction at the end of the 20th century. The discussion covers the full …