Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by a low glomerular filtration rate or high
albuminuria, and affects 15–20% of adults globally. CKD increases the risk of various …

From early life to adulthood, the microbiota play a crucial role in the health of the infant. The
microbiota in early life are not only a key regulator of infant health but also associated with …

In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the
development of the gut microbiota and its internal and external effects on the intestine, as …

Numerous studies have indicated that the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is strictly associated with the accumulation of toxic …

Objective Patients with renal failure suffer from symptoms caused by uraemic toxins,
possibly of gut microbial origin, as deduced from studies in animals. The aim of the study is …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a highly common complication and the first cause of death
in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on haemodialysis (HD). In this population …

Complex diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), are often multifactorial, caused
by multiple underlying pathological mechanisms. Here, to study the multifactorial nature of …

Significant interest in recent years has focused on gut microbiota–host interaction because
accumulating evidence has revealed that intestinal microbiota play an important role in …

It is widely accepted that obesity and associated metabolic diseases, including type 2
diabetes, are intimately linked to diet. However, the gut microbiota has also become a focus …

The microbiota—the collection of microorganisms that live within and on all mammals—
provides crucial signals for the development and function of the immune system. Increased …