Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …

Ageing is characterized by the progressive impairment of physiological functions and
increased risk of develo** debilitating disorders, including chronic inflammation and …

Animal experimentation in the Parkinson's disease (PD) field is a classic example of how the
use of animal models to study diseases can have a significant impact on human health …

Abstract l-3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) remains the most effective symptomatic
treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, long-term administration of l-DOPA is …

The endocannabinoid system is up-regulated in numerous pathophysiological states such
as inflammatory, neurodegenerative, gastrointestinal, metabolic and cardiovascular …

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are lipid-based retrograde messengers with a relatively short half-
life that are produced endogenously and, upon binding to the primary cannabinoid receptors …

There is growing interest in the therapeutic potential of marijuana (cannabis) and
cannabinoid‐based chemicals within the medical community and, particularly, for …

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has received extensive attention for its neuroprotective
effect on the brain. This system comprises endocannabinoids, endocannabinoid receptors …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease usually caused by
neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and other etiologies. Recent studies have found that the …

The endocannabinoid system consists of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, of
endogenous agonists for these receptors known as 'endocannabinoids', and of processes …