Microneedle patches have received much interest in the last two decades as drug/vaccine
delivery or fluid sampling systems for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. Microneedles are …

Abstract 3D printing is a powerful emerging technology for the tailored fabrication of
advanced functional materials. This Review summarizes the state‐of‐the art with regard to …

Ultrafast laser 3D lithography based on non-linear light–matter interactions, widely known as
multi-photon lithography (MPL), offers unrivaled precision rapid prototy** and flexible …

Abstract Functional three-dimensional (3D) microscopic and nanoscopic structures have the
potential to significantly drive the development of innovative bioapplications. As the only 3D …

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is capable of fabricating 3D structures with dimensions
from sub-µm to a few hundred µm. As a direct laser writing (DLW) process, fabrication time of …

Neural progenitor cells generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are
the forefront of ″brain-on-chip ″investigations. Viable and functional hiPSC-derived …

Controlled drug delivery systems have been utilized to enhance the therapeutic effects of
many drugs by delivering drugs in a time-dependent and sustained manner. Here, with the …

The creation of biomimetic neuron interfaces (BNIs) has become imperative for different
research fields from neural science to artificial intelligence. BNIs are two-dimensional or …

The invention of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pushed the imaging methods and
allowed for the observation of cell details with a high resolution. Currently, SEM appears as …

Metalenses have been shown to overcome the diffraction limit of conventional optical lenses
to achieve subwavelength resolution. Due to being lightweight and their planar structure …