Despite advances in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapies, inflammation and its
consequences still remain a significant problem in medicine. Acute inflammatory responses …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative
disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, significantly affecting patients' …

Lung infections and smoking are risk factors for multiple sclerosis, a T-cell-mediated
autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. In addition, the lung serves as a niche …

Background Recent research on the implications of gut microbiota on brain functions has
helped to gather important information on the relationship between them. Pathogenesis of …

Background Cognitive impairment, an increasing mental health issue, is a core feature of the
aging brain and neurodegenerative diseases. Industrialized nations especially, have …

Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome impacts brain development and
function. Gut–brain connections may be mediated by an assortment of microbial molecules …

The endotoxin hypothesis of neurodegeneration is the hypothesis that endotoxin causes or
contributes to neurodegeneration. Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), constituting …

Background: Metagenomic data support an association between certain bacterial strains
and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their functional dynamics remain elusive. Objective: To …

The gut microbiome acts as an integral part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that has the
largest and vulnerable surface with desirable features to observe foods, nutrients, and …

The endotoxin hypothesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the idea that lipopolysaccharide
(LPS) endotoxins contribute to the pathogenesis of this disorder. LPS endotoxins are found …