The medial frontal cortex and adjacent orbitofrontal cortex have been the focus of
investigations of decision-making, behavioral flexibility, and social behavior. We review …

Motivated control refers to the coordination of behaviour to achieve affectively valenced
outcomes or goals. The study of motivated control traditionally assumes a distinction …

Animals make predictions to guide their behavior and update those predictions through
experience. Transient increases in dopamine (DA) are thought to be critical signals for …

The outcome of a decision is often uncertain, and outcomes can vary over repeated
decisions. Whether decision outcomes should substantially affect behaviour and learning …

Parkinson's disease causes a characteristic combination of motor symptoms due to
progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars …

The neural mechanisms mediating sensory-guided decision-making have received
considerable attention, but animals often pursue behaviors for which there is currently no …

From a gym workout, to deciding whether to persevere at work, many activities require us to
persist in deciding that rewards are 'worth the effort'even as we become fatigued. However …

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dmPFC/dACC) is a brain
area subject to many theories and debates over its function (s). Even its precise anatomical …

When learning the value of actions in volatile environments, humans often make seemingly
irrational decisions that fail to maximize expected value. We reasoned that these 'non …

The brain mechanism for controlling continuous behavior in dynamic contexts must mediate
action selection and learning across many timescales, responding differentially to the level …