Resistance to cancer therapies has been a commonly observed phenomenon in clinical
practice, which is one of the major causes of treatment failure and poor patient survival. The …

Chemotherapy remains a powerful tool to eliminate malignant cells. However, the efficacy of
chemotherapy is compromised by the frequent emergence of intrinsic and acquired …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the dominant cause of the failure of cancer chemotherapy.
The design of antitumor drugs that are able to evade MDR is rapidly evolving, showing that …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate the ATP-driven translocation of structurally
and mechanistically distinct substrates against steep concentration gradients. Among the …

Background Although gemcitabine has been considered as the first-line drug for advanced
pancreatic cancer (PC), development of resistance to gemcitabine severely limits the …

The ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is one of the largest membrane
protein families existing in wide spectrum of organisms from prokaryotes to human. ABC …

Abstract p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38α and β) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases
(JNK1, 2, and 3) are key mediators of the cellular stress response. However, prolonged P38 …