Optimal feedback control (OFC) provides a powerful tool to interpret voluntary motor control,
highlighting the importance of sensory feedback in the control and planning of movement …

Despite progress in using computational approaches to inform medicine and neuroscience
in the last 30 years, there have been few attempts to model the mechanisms underlying …

Given two rewarding stimuli, animals tend to choose the more rewarding (or less effortful)
option. However, they also move faster toward that stimulus [1–5]. This suggests that reward …

An account of the neurobiology of motor recovery in the arm and hand after stroke by two
experts in the field. Stroke is a leading cause of disability in adults and recovery is often …

When sharing load among multiple muscles, humans appear to select an optimal pattern of
activation that minimizes costs such as the effort or variability of movement. How the nervous …

Key points Neuroscientists often suggest that we adapt our movements to minimize energy
use; however, recent studies have provided conflicting evidence in this regard. In the …

It is often assumed that the CNS controls movements in a manner that minimizes energetic
cost. While empirical evidence for actual metabolic minimization exists in locomotion, actual …

Metabolic cost minimization is thought to underscore the neural control of locomotion. Yet,
avoiding high muscle activation, a cause of fatigue, often outperforms energy minimization in …

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a powerful class of computational models for
unravelling neural mechanisms of brain function. However, for neural control of movement …

Whereas muscle spindles play a prominent role in current theories of human motor control,
Golgi tendon organs (GTO) and their associated tendons are often neglected. This is …