Several properties of the Solar System, including the wide radial spacing of the giant
planets, can be explained if planets radially migrated by exchanging orbital energy and …

Heavily cratered surfaces on the Moon, Mars, and Mercury show that the terrestrial planets
were battered by an intense bombardment during their first billion years or more, but the …

Our understanding of planet formation has been rapidly evolving in recent years. The
classical planet formation theory, developed when the only known planetary system was our …

The timeline of the lunar bombardment in the first Gy of Solar System history remains
unclear. Basin-forming impacts (eg Imbrium, Orientale), occurred 3.9–3.7 Gy ago, ie 600 …

Unravelling the volcanic history of the enigmatic lunar farside is essential for understanding
the hemispheric dichotomy of the Moon1-3. Cratering chronology established for the lunar …

Context. We investigate the formation and evolution of comet nuclei and other trans-
Neptunian objects (TNOs) in the solar nebula and primordial disk prior to the giant planet …

Comets are icy objects that orbitally evolve from the trans-Neptunian region into the inner
solar system, where they are heated by solar radiation and become active due to the …

The history of the Hadean Earth (∼ 4.0–4.5 billion years ago) is poorly understood because
few known rocks are older than∼ 3.8 billion years old. The main constraints from this era …

The Moon is a unique body in our Solar System that allows us to groundtruth remotesensing
data (eg, crater size–frequency distributions, or CSFDs, crater/rock degradation rates …

Recent measurements of the volatile composition of the coma of Comet 67P/Churyumov–
Gerasimenko (hereafter 67P) allow constraints to be set on the origin of volatile elements …