Backpropagation is driving today's artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, despite
extensive research, it remains unclear if the brain implements this algorithm. Among …

Neural plasticity can be seen as ultimately aiming at the maximization of reward. However,
the world is complicated and nonlinear and so are neurons' firing properties. A neuron …

When a neuron is driven beyond its threshold it spikes, and the fact that it does not
communicate its continuous membrane potential is usually seen as a computational liability …