We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional
crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts …

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the study of how people design, implement, and use
interactive computer systems and how computers affect individuals, organizations, and …

User interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design have become an indispensable part of
today's tech industry. Recently, much progress has been made in machine-learning-enabled …

Gesture-based interfaces, in which the user specifies commands by simple freehand
drawings, offer an alternative to traditional keyboard, menu, and direct manipulation …

Figure 1 shows the time span for some of the technologies discussed in this article. including
when they were introduced. Of course, a deeper analysis would reveal significant interaction …

Gesture-Based interfaces offer an alternative to traditional keyboard, menu, and direct
manipulation interfaces. The ability to specify objects, an operation, and additional …

A user interface software tool helps developers design and implement the user interface.
Research on past tools has had enormous impact on today's developers—virtually all …

A Small Matter of Programming asks why it has been so difficult for end users to command
programming power and explores the problems of end user-driven application development …

While software architecture has become an increasingly important research topic in recent
years, insufficient attention has been paid to methods for evaluation of these architectures …

Prototy** Tools and Techniques Page 1 ◆ 52◆ PROTOTYPING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
Michel Beaudouin-Lafon Université Paris-Sud Wendy E. Mackay INRIA 1017 Introduction …