Time, polarization, and wavelength multiplexing schemes have been used to satisfy the
growing need of transmission capacity. Using space as a new dimension for communication …

Spatial mode (de) multiplexing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams is a promising
solution to address future bandwidth issues, but the rapidly increasing divergence with the …

Since their discovery in the 1990s, vortex beams, known for their ability to carry orbital
angular momentum (OAM), have found substantial applications in optical manipulation and …

Recognized in the 1990s, vortex beams' ability to carry orbital angular momentum (OAM)
has significantly contributed to applications in optical manipulation and high-dimensional …

For centuries, singularities in wave fields have been a mainstay of interest in multiple areas
of physics, ranging from plasma physics, fluid dynamics and atmospheric physics to optics …

The performance of a free space optics (FSO) transmission suffers from the atmospheric
turbulence and the attenuation in foggy environment. By employing relay nodes, the error …

There is interest in using orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes to increase the data
speed of free-space optical communication. A prevalent challenge is the mitigation of mode …

Free-space optics (FSO) communication is often unreliable, especially for long distances, as
it suffers from attenuation due to foggy weather, atmospheric turbulence, and pointing errors …

Optical holography has been investigated for enhancing information capacity and
encryption. Here, the multi-vortex geometric orbital angular momentum (MVG-OAM) …

With a large number of deep space (DS) missions anticipated by the end of this decade,
reliable and high-capacity DS communications are needed more than ever. Nevertheless …