Membrane trafficking pathways play a prominent role in plant immunity. The endomembrane
transport system coordinates membrane-bound cellular organelles to ensure that …

The plant cytoskeleton, consisting of actin filaments and microtubules, is a highly dynamic
filamentous framework involved in plant growth, development, and stress responses …

Chloroplast morphology changes during immunity, giving rise to tubule-like structures
known as stromules. Stromules extend along microtubules and anchor to actin filaments …

Using synthetic biology, it is now time to expand the biosynthetic repertoire of plants and
microalgae by utilizing the chloroplast to augment the production of desired high-value …

Hypersensitive response-programmed cell death (HR-PCD) is a response mounted by
plants to defend themselves against pathogens. Communication between the chloroplast …

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are plant pests that infect the roots of host plants. Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) nematicidal proteins exhibited toxicity to nematodes. However, the …

A bstract We study the leading nonperturbative corrections to the strong-coupling
(ungapped) phase of the Gross-Witten-Wadia (GWW) integral over unitary matrices, to one …

The growth–defense trade-off in plants is a phenomenon whereby plants must balance the
allocation of their resources between developmental growth and defense against attack by …

The powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) is a prevalent pathogen hampering grapevine
growth in the vineyard. An arsenal of candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) was …

The response of chloroplasts to adverse environmental cues, principally increases in light
intensity, stimulates chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling, which leads to the …