Abstract With the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, educational systems worldwide were
abruptly affected and hampered, causing nearly total suspension of all in-person activities in …

Artificial intelligence (AI) comprises various sub-fields, including machine learning (ML) and
deep learning (DL) perform a key role in the transformation of many industries, including …

An essential part of software maintenance and evolution, refactoring is performed by
developers, regardless of technology or domain, to improve the internal quality of the …

Software testing assures that code changes do not adversely affect existing functionality.
However, a test case can be flaky, ie, passing and failing across executions, even for the …

Test smells are symptoms in the test code that indicate possible design or implementation
problems. Previous research demonstrated their harmfulness and the developers' …

Test smells can pose difficulties during testing activities, such as poor maintainability, non-
deterministic behavior, and incomplete verification. Existing research has extensively …