The growing demands of brain science and artificial intelligence create an urgent need for
the development of artificial neural networks (ANNs) that can mimic the structural, functional …

Two-photon polymerization (2PP) leverages the two-photon absorption (TPA) of near-
infrared (NIR) radiation for additive manufacturing with sub-diffraction limit resolution within …

Chemical and physical processes driven by multiphoton absorption make possible the
fabrication of complex, 3D structures with feature sizes as small as 100 nm. Since its …

Direct writing (DW), also known as digital writing or digital printing, is a family of flexible multi-
length scale processes for the deposition of functional materials to form simple linear or …

Micro/nano structures have unique optical, electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties.
Studies on the preparation of micro/nano structures are of considerable research value and …

Abstract Functional three-dimensional (3D) microscopic and nanoscopic structures have the
potential to significantly drive the development of innovative bioapplications. As the only 3D …

Stereolithography (SL) is emerging as an attractive alternative to soft lithography for
fabricating microfluidic devices due to its low cost and high design efficiency. Low molecular …

Two‐photon polymerization direct laser writing (TPP‐DLW) is the most promising technology
for additive manufacturing of geometrically complex parts with nanoscale features, and …

We report a method for creating stimuli-responsive biomaterials in which scanning nonlinear
excitation is used to photocrosslink proteins at submicrometer 3D coordinates. Proteins with …

The inherent optical nonlinearity of multiphoton absorption allows such absorption to be
localized in regions of high light intensity. This means that photochemical or photophysical …