This review discusses recent progress in the development of hard X-ray microscopy
techniques for materials characterization at the nanoscale. Although the utility of traditionally …

In recent years synchrotron x-ray microprobes and nanoprobes have emerged as key
characterization tools with a remarkable impact for different scientific fields including solid …

X-ray free-electron lasers, produce intense femtosecond pulses that have applications in
exploring new frontiers in science. The unique characteristics of X-ray free-electron laser …

In the field of beam physics, two frontier topics have taken center stage due to their potential
to enable new approaches to discovery in a wide swath of science. These areas are …

Phase retrieval is a long-standing problem in imaging when only the intensity of the
wavefield can be recorded. Coherent diffraction imaging is a lensless technique that uses …

Due to their short wavelength, X-rays can in principle be focused down to a few nanometres
and below. At the same time, it is this short wavelength that puts stringent requirements on X …

Intense X-ray fields produced with hard X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) have made possible
the study of nonlinear X-ray phenomena. However, the observable phenomena are still …

The emergence of hard X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) enables new insights into many
fields of science. These new sources provide short, highly intense and coherent X-ray …

With the emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), coherent diffractive imaging (CDI)
has acquired a capability for single-particle imaging (SPI) of non-crystalline objects under …

Extreme-ultraviolet vortices may be exploited to steer the magnetic properties of
nanoparticles, increase the resolution in microscopy, and gain insight into local symmetry …