Planets form and obtain their compositions in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The
chemical compositions of these planet-forming disks regulate all aspects of planetary …

Outflows from accreting, rotating, and magnetized systems are ubiquitous. Protostellar
outflows can be observed from radio to X-ray wavelengths in the continuum and a multitude …

Planets form and obtain their compositions in dust-and gas-rich disks around young stars,
and the outcome of this process is intimately linked to the disk chemical properties. The …

Context. Water is a key molecule in the physics and chemistry of star and planet formation,
but it is difficult to observe from Earth. The Herschel Space Observatory provided …

Our Sun and planetary system were born about 4.5 billion years ago. How did this happen,
and what is the nature of our heritage from these early times? This review tries to address …

Water is a fundamental molecule in the universe. On Earth, water exists in all three phases:
gas, liquid, and solid (ice). Liquid water facilitates many chemical reactions as a solvent …

Since we intend to review experimental and theoretical studies of physicochemical
processes occurring on cosmic dust grains in very cold regions in space, we start with a brief …

Icy bodies may have delivered the oceans to the early Earth, yet little is known about water
in the ice-dominated regions of extrasolar planet-forming disks. The Heterodyne Instrument …

Emission from protostars at centimeter radio wavelengths has been shown to trace the free–
free emission arising from ionizing shocks as a result of jets and outflows driven by …

Context. Water is a key tracer of dynamics and chemistry in low-mass star-forming regions,
but spectrally resolved observations have so far been limited in sensitivity and angular …