2021 MAGNIMS–CMSC–NAIMS consensus recommendations on the use of MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis

MP Wattjes, O Ciccarelli, DS Reich, B Banwell… - The Lancet …, 2021 - thelancet.com
Summary The 2015 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis and 2016
Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centres guidelines on the use of MRI in diagnosis and …

The immunology of multiple sclerosis

KE Attfield, LT Jensen, M Kaufmann… - Nature Reviews …, 2022 - nature.com
Our incomplete understanding of the causes and pathways involved in the onset and
progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) limits our ability to effectively treat this complex …

A lymphocyte–microglia–astrocyte axis in chronic active multiple sclerosis

M Absinta, D Maric, M Gharagozloo, T Garton… - Nature, 2021 - nature.com
Multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions that do not resolve in the months after they form harbour
ongoing demyelination and axon degeneration, and are identifiable in vivo by their …

Multiple sclerosis progression: time for a new mechanism-driven framework

T Kuhlmann, M Moccia, T Coetzee, JA Cohen… - The Lancet …, 2023 - thelancet.com
Traditionally, multiple sclerosis has been categorised by distinct clinical descriptors—
relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive—for patient care …

CNS remyelination and inflammation: From basic mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities

RJM Franklin, M Simons - Neuron, 2022 - cell.com
Remyelination, the myelin regenerative response that follows demyelination, restores
saltatory conduction and function and sustains axon health. Its declining efficiency with …

Safety and efficacy of tolebrutinib, an oral brain-penetrant BTK inhibitor, in relapsing multiple sclerosis: a phase 2b, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

DS Reich, DL Arnold, P Vermersch, A Bar-Or… - The Lancet …, 2021 - thelancet.com
Background Tolebrutinib is an oral, CNS-penetrant, irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine
kinase, an enzyme expressed in B lymphocytes and myeloid cells including microglia, which …

The pathology of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease accompanying myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibody

R Höftberger, Y Guo, EP Flanagan… - Acta …, 2020 - Springer
We sought to define the pathological features of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)
antibody associated disorders (MOGAD) in an archival autopsy/biopsy cohort. We …

Advances in neurodegenerative diseases

J Van Schependom, M D'haeseleer - Journal of clinical medicine, 2023 - mdpi.com
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of physical and cognitive disability across the
globe, currently affecting approximately 15% of the worldwide population [1]. Absolute …

Long-term evolution of multiple sclerosis iron rim lesions in 7 T MRI

A Dal-Bianco, G Grabner, C Kronnerwetter, M Weber… - Brain, 2021 - academic.oup.com
Recent data suggest that multiple sclerosis white matter lesions surrounded by a rim of iron
containing microglia, termed iron rim lesions, signify patients with more severe disease …

Mechanism-based criteria to improve therapeutic outcomes in progressive multiple sclerosis

HYF Yong, VW Yong - Nature Reviews Neurology, 2022 - nature.com
In contrast to the multiple disease-modifying therapies that are available for relapsing–
remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), the therapeutic options for progressive MS (PMS) are …