Type I programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is critical for cellular self-destruction for a
variety of processes such as development or the prevention of oncogenic transformation …

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is an important cause of impaired heart function in
the early postoperative period subsequent to cardiac surgery. Reactive oxygen species …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which are ubiquitously distributed in
mammalian tissues, play a major role in cell signaling by hydrolyzing cAMP and cGMP. Due …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) modulate the neurohormonal regulation of
cardiac function by degrading cAMP and cGMP. In cardiomyocytes, multiple PDE isozymes …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases regulate cAMP-mediated signaling by controlling
intracellular cAMP content. The cAMP-hydrolyzing activity of several families of cyclic …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular thiol redox state are crucial mediators of
multiple cell processes like growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Excessive ROS production …

Following focal cerebral ischemia (“stroke”) a complex and dynamic interaction of vascular
cells, glial cells, and neurons determines the extent of the ensuing lesion. Traditionally, the …

Preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote conditioning of the myocardium enhance the
ability of the heart to withstand a prolonged ischemia/reperfusion insult and the potential to …

Despite advances in myocardial reperfusion therapies, acute myocardial
ischaemia/reperfusion injury and consequent ischaemic heart failure represent the number …

In the last decade or so, it has been realised that membranes do not just have a lipid-bilayer
structure in which proteins are embedded or with which they associate. Structures are …