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The burden of cancer, government strategic policies, and challenges in Pakistan: A comprehensive review
Cancer is a severe condition characterized by uncontrolled cell division and increasing
reported mortality and diagnostic cases. In 2040, an estimated 28.4 million cancer cases are …
reported mortality and diagnostic cases. In 2040, an estimated 28.4 million cancer cases are …
Individuals and populations: the role of long-term, individual-based studies of animals in ecology and evolutionary biology
Many important questions in ecology and evolutionary biology can only be answered with
data that extend over several decades and answering a substantial proportion of questions …
data that extend over several decades and answering a substantial proportion of questions …
Starvation physiology: reviewing the different strategies animals use to survive a common challenge
All animals face the possibility of limitations in food resources that could ultimately lead to
starvation-induced mortality. The primary goal of this review is to characterize the various …
starvation-induced mortality. The primary goal of this review is to characterize the various …
Estimating genetic parameters in natural populations using the 'animal model'
Estimating the genetic basis of quantitative traits can be tricky for wild populations in natural
environments, as environmental variation frequently obscures the underlying evolutionary …
environments, as environmental variation frequently obscures the underlying evolutionary …
The evolution of predictive adaptive responses in human life history
Many studies in humans have shown that adverse experience in early life is associated with
accelerated reproductive timing, and there is comparative evidence for similar effects in …
accelerated reproductive timing, and there is comparative evidence for similar effects in …
Early environment influences later performance in fishes
Conditions fish encounter during embryogenesis and early life history can leave lasting
effects not only on morphology, but also on growth rate, life‐history and behavioural traits …
effects not only on morphology, but also on growth rate, life‐history and behavioural traits …
Predictive adaptive responses and human evolution
The importance of a single genotype being able to produce different phenotypes in different
environments (phenotypic plasticity) is widely recognized in evolutionary theory and its …
environments (phenotypic plasticity) is widely recognized in evolutionary theory and its …
Nestling telomere shortening, but not telomere length, reflects developmental stress and predicts survival in wild birds
Developmental stressors often have long-term fitness consequences, but linking offspring
traits to fitness prospects has remained a challenge. Telomere length predicts mortality in …
traits to fitness prospects has remained a challenge. Telomere length predicts mortality in …
Epigenetics and transgenerational transfer: a physiological perspective
Epigenetics, the transgenerational transfer of phenotypic characters without modification of
gene sequence, is a burgeoning area of study in many disciplines of biology. However, the …
gene sequence, is a burgeoning area of study in many disciplines of biology. However, the …
Towards an evolutionary ecology of sexual traits
Empirical studies of sexual traits continue to generate conflicting results, leading to a
growing awareness that the current understanding of this topic is limited. Here we argue that …
growing awareness that the current understanding of this topic is limited. Here we argue that …