Intercellular calcium (Ca2+) waves (ICWs) represent the propagation of increases in
intracellular Ca2+ through a syncytium of cells and appear to be a fundamental mechanism …

Dendritic spines arise as small protrusions from the dendritic shaft of various types of neuron
and receive inputs from excitatory axons. Ever since dendritic spines were first described in …

For over a century, electrical microstimulation has been the most direct method for causally
linking brain function with behavior. Despite this long history, it is still unclear how the activity …

Corticothalamic slow oscillations of neuronal activity determine internal brain states. At least
in the cortex, the electrical activity is associated with large neuronal Ca 2+ transients. Here …

Neuronal hyperactivity is the emerging functional hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in
both humans and different mouse models, mediating an impairment of memory and …

Neurons in the visual cortex of all examined mammals exhibit orientation or direction tuning.
New imaging techniques are allowing the circuit mechanisms underlying orientation and …

Topographically organized maps of the sensory receptor epithelia are regarded as
cornerstones of cortical organization as well as valuable readouts of diverse biological …

One of the greatest challenges in neuroscience has been to monitor electrical activity and
biochemistry in populations of identified neurons in ViVo. 1 Recent work on new microscopy …

Eye-opening represents a turning point in the function of the visual cortex. Before eye-
opening, the visual cortex is largely devoid of sensory inputs and neuronal activities are …

Spatiotemporal activity patterns in local neural networks are fundamental to brain function.
Network activity can now be measured in vivo using two-photon imaging of cell populations …