Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Climate change has multiple effects on Baltic Sea species, communities and ecosystem
functioning through changes in physical and biogeochemical environmental characteristics …

The future response of marine ecosystem diversity to continued anthropogenic forcing is
poorly constrained. Phytoplankton are a diverse set of organisms that form the base of the …

The polar regions, notably the Arctic and maritime Antarctic, are experiencing impacts from
climate change at magnitudes and rates that are among the highest in the world, and will …

Biotic interactions are fundamental drivers governing biodiversity locally, yet their effects on
geographical variation in community composition (ie incidence‐based) and community …

Studying how food web structure and function vary through time represents an opportunity to
better comprehend and anticipate ecosystem changes. Yet, temporal studies of highly …

Aim Marine organisms are responding to warming by altering their distribution ranges,
causing biogeographic range shifts and in some cases, favouring the community …

Marine communities are subject to alterations in environmental conditions, due to both
natural variability and climate change. For instance, a rapid increase in sea surface …

Recent changes in oceanic plankton are being reported at unprecedented rates. Most
changes are related to environmental factors, and many were identified as driven by climate …

The evolution of riverine aquatic ecosystems typically exhibits notable characteristic with
cumulative, enduring, and hysteresis. Exploring the non-linear response of riverine ecology …