Income and wealth inequalities have increased substantially in many regions of the world
since the 1980s. This evolution came after a relatively egalitarian period from 1950 to 1980 …

The seemingly random triumph and demise of new political parties in Central and Eastern
Europe actually represent a durable subsystem with relevance for party systems around the …

This essay reviews five important recent books on party system institutionalization, party
collapse and party building. The first section analyses broader lessons about party system …

Conceiving of populism as the charismatic mobilization of a mass movement in pursuit of
political power, this Element theorizes that populists thrive where ties between voters and …

The third wave of democratization has given way to a reverse wave of autocratization. A
critical question is what can be done to prevent democratic breakdowns and make …

While a large literature suggests an important role for political parties in development, this
article is the first attempt to layout and test a comprehensive theory connecting parties to …

This article develops a framework for conceptualising authoritarian governance and rule in
the Lao People's Democratic Republic. After introducing the national and academic context …

No matter the region of the world under study, party (system) institutionalisation has been
traditionally considered to be a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the survival of …

How does political polarization occur under repressive conditions? Drawing on
psychological theories of social identity, the author posits that the nature of repression drives …

Brazil's quality of democracy remains limited by enduring obstacles including the weakness
of parties and underrepresentation of marginalized groups. Party Institutionalization and …