Continuous fiber reinforced composite lightweight structures (CFRSs) are widely applied to
aerospace, automobile, marine and other fields due to their high specific strength and …

In recent decades, origami has been explored to aid in the design of engineering structures.
These structures span multiple scales and have been demonstrated to be used toward …

Recent advances in multi‐material 3D and 4D printing (time as the fourth dimension) show
that the technology has the potential to extend the design space beyond complex …

Abstract 4D printing is an emerging fabrication technology that enables 3D printed structures
to change configuration over “time” in response to an environmental stimulus. Compared …

Recent advances in additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as three-dimensional
(3D)-printing, have allowed researchers to create complex shapes previously impossible …

Bioprinting is rapidly being adopted as a major method for fabricating tissue engineering
constructs. Through the precise deposition of cell-and bioactive molecule-laden materials …

Multimaterial (MM) 3D printing shows great potential for application in metamaterials,
flexible electronics, biomedical devices and robots, since it can seamlessly integrate …

For many years, 3D Printing technologies have created significant advancements in the
fields of engineering and healthcare. 4D printing is also introduced, which is the advanced …

The exotic properties of mechanical metamaterials emerge from the topology of micro-
structural elements. Once manufactured, however, the metamaterials have fixed properties …

Abstract 4D printed shape memory polymers and their composites are currently a highly
topical research area. The potential applications for 4D printed smart materials are wide …