Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

The therapeutic effect of highly malignant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is negatively
affected by the formation of tumor cell resistant clone and the severe toxicity of …

Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, as well as targeted anticancer agents can induce clinically
relevant tumor-targeting immune responses, which critically rely on the antigenicity of …

Simple Summary Metastasis, the process by which cancer cells escape primary tumor site
and colonize distant organs, is responsible for most cancer-related deaths. The tumor …

The cytokine IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory mediator ensuring protection of a host from
over-exuberant responses to pathogens and microbiota, while playing important roles in …

Background Treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with agents such as anti-
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and/or …

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a standard treatment for intermediate-stage
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarize recent updates on the use of …

Objective This article will outline the link between the immune system and cancer, and
provide a historical timeline of immunotherapy developmental milestones. Data Sources …

Abstract 'Jack of all trades, master of everything'is a fair label for transforming growth factor
β1 (TGF-β)–a cytokine that controls our life at many levels. In the adult organism, TGF-β1 is …

Knowledge of immune cell phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment is essential for
understanding mechanisms of cancer progression and immunotherapy response. We …