" In the most widely-accepted minimalist definition, democracy is conceived as a governance
system in which citizens select their representatives through competitive elections and …

In this review of violence in Latin America, I have attempted to organize the region's
scholarly literature around the most influential and leading research issues. Three main …

We hold many assumptions about police work—that it is the responsibility of the state, or that
police officers are given the right to kill in the name of public safety or self-defense. But in …

This article aims to analyze the evolution of Brazilian criminal organization Primeiro
Comando da Capital (PCC—First Command of the Capital), especially its transformation …

The relationship between transport, poverty and social exclusion has increasingly held an
important place in both research and policy agendas, particularly in industrialised countries …

Urban violence is a major preoccupation of policymakers, planners and development
practitioners in cities around the world. Public authorities routinely seek to contain such …

Gangs and militias have been a persistent feature of social and political life in Indonesia.
During the authoritarian New Order regime they constituted part of a vast network of sub …

In a world of growing security challenges, non-state armed actors have captured significant
attention from scholars concerned with regime stability and the consolidation of national …

Across the world, welfare states are under challenge (or were never developed extensively
in the first place) while non-state actors increasingly provide public goods and basic welfare …

In Adiós Niño: The Gangs of Guatemala City and the Politics of Death, Deborah T. Levenson
examines transformations in the Guatemalan gangs called Maras from their emergence in …