Tremendous strides have been made in our understanding of the neurobiological substrates
of memory–the so-called memory “engram”. Here, we integrate recent progress in the …

BACKGROUND The idea that memory is stored as enduring changes in the brain dates
back at least to the time of Plato and Aristotle (circa 350 BCE), but its scientific articulation …

Neuronal ensembles that hold specific memory (memory engrams) have been identified in
the hippocampus, amygdala, or cortex. However, it has been hypothesized that engrams of …

The ability to form precise, episodic memories develops with age, with young children only
able to form gist-like memories that lack precision. The cellular and molecular events in the …

Synapses between engram cells are believed to be substrates for memory storage, and the
weakening or loss of these synapses leads to the forgetting of related memories. We found …

There has been considerable speculation regarding the function of the dentate gyrus (DG)—
a subregion of the mammalian hippocampus—in learning and memory. In this Perspective …

While initial encoding of contextual memories involves the strengthening of hippocampal
circuits, these memories progressively mature to stabilized forms in neocortex and become …

Little is understood about how engrams, sparse groups of neurons that store memories, are
formed endogenously. Here, we combined calcium imaging, activity tagging, and …

One leading hypothesis suggests that memories are stored in ensembles of neurons (or
'engram cells') and that successful recall involves reactivation of these ensembles. A logical …

The generation of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes persists throughout life and is regulated
by neural activity. Here we tested whether experience-driven changes in …