Rationale This review provides insight for the judicious selection of nicotine dose ranges
and routes of administration for in vivo studies. The literature is replete with reports in which …

A paradox exists regarding the reinforcing properties of nicotine. The abuse liability
associated with smoking equals or exceeds that of other addictive drugs, yet the euphoric …

Rationale: Despite numerous reports that male and female animals differ in behavioral
responses to drugs, few studies have investigated sex differences in drug-reinforced …

Although both the human and animal literatures are notable for the general lack of attention
paid to possible sex differences in drug self-administration behavior, evidence is …

Rationale: Research on smoking behavior and responsiveness to nicotine suggests that
nicotine's effects may depend on the sex of the organism. Objective: The present study …

Rationale Current conceptualizations of drug reinforcement assume that drug-taking
behavior is a consequence of the contingent, temporal relationship between the behavior …

Rationale Although considerable progress has been made, we do not yet fully understand
the behavioral and neurobiological basis of nicotine reinforcement, and without this …

The utility of an animal model is predicated on its ability to incorporate essential features of
the human phenomenon it is modeling in a way that permits systematic investigation of …

Rationale Conditioned place preference (CPP) procedures provide one measure of
potential rewarding effects of abused drugs. Many attempts to induce CPP with nicotine …

Lobeline, an alkaloidal constituent of Lobelia inflata LINN., has a long history of therapeutic
usage ranging from emetic and respiratory stimulant to tobacco smoking cessation agent …